Species flashcards

Description

Cap: Convex, then funnel-shaped, sometimes crooked. Its margins are infolded, rolled in, 5-15 cm wide, sometimes larger. Color yellowish-brown, turning dark reddish-brown on pressure. Slimy, sticky when wet, shiny when dry.

Gills: Densely standing, deeply decurrent. Easily separable from the cap flesh. Color greenish-yellow, rust-yellow, brownish-yellow. On injury, touch, turn dark rust-brown. Spore print yellowish-brown. Spores brownish-yellow, elongated ovoid.

Stem: Short, stocky, pillar-like, but can be slightly elongated, curved or tapering downwards. 3-10 cm long, 1-3 cm thick. Color similar to the cap, but lighter.

Flesh: Fibrous, color yellowish, when cut or broken turns dark rust-brown. When cooked, almost black.

Spore: Brown; 7.5-9 x 5-6 μm; elliptical, smooth.

Occurrence: In deciduous forests, possibly also in coniferous forests, wet, bushy places, especially along streams, ditches, forest edges, singly, but locally in groups on the ground. Found in summer and autumn. Common locally, but not in masses.

Edibility: Fruit-like smell, sourish taste. Be careful, because raw it is severely poisonous! It is consumed in many places abroad, mainly young caps fried, but has already caused several deaths. Sensitive people also get sick from cooked or fried mushrooms. Definitely avoid it.

Confusion: It resembles the milkcaps and other milkcaps, but they exude milky juice when broken. It can possibly be confused with the jack o'lantern, but that is grouped, orange, reddish, does not spot on injury, and is also poisonous.

Note: Paxillus - stake, pole, while involutus means rolled, curled, referring to the margin of the cap. The Hungarian name reflects the name well.

Species description: Although the French mycologist Jean Baptiste Francois (Pierre) Bulliard described it as Agaricus contiguus, in August 1786 Batsch recorded it as Agaricus involutus, and this is considered the first valid description. Elias Magnus Fries created the Paxillus genus, and Paxillus involutus became the type species of the genus. The French mycologist René Maire (1878-1949) later placed it within the Paxillus genus in a new mycological family, the Paxillaceae. Recently, the Paxillus genus has been revised based on reproductive and DNA analyses, and several species have been reclassified from the former Paxillus genus - for example Paxillus atrotomentosus, which is now found in the Tapinella genus. The currently used name, according to the Kew Gardens and the British Mycological Society nomenclature, is attributed to Christiaan Hendrik Persoon from 1801.

Taxonomy

1. PhylumBasidiomycota
2. ClassAgaricomycetes
3. OrderBoletales
4. FamilyPaxillaceae
5. GenusPaxillus

• Species: involutus
• Described by: (Batsch.) Fr.
• Hungarian name: begöngyöltszélű cölöpgomba
• Lifestyle: mycorrhizal
• Edibility: poisonous